Bleaching a wig to prepare it for dyeing can be a delicate process, one that requires careful consideration and the right tools. The type of bleach you use is paramount to achieving your desired color without causing irreversible damage. This guide will delve into the world of wig bleaching, focusing on selecting the appropriate bleach, understanding its effects on different wig types, and providing tips for safe and effective application.
Understanding the Importance of Choosing the Right Bleach
Selecting the correct bleach for your wig is crucial for several reasons. Using a product that is too harsh can lead to severe damage, including dryness, brittleness, and even breakage. Conversely, a bleach that is too weak may not effectively lift the color, resulting in a muddy or uneven dye job. The goal is to find a balance – a bleach that is strong enough to achieve the desired level of lightness without compromising the integrity of the wig fibers.
The Role of Volume Developer
Bleach powder alone is not enough. It needs to be mixed with a developer to activate its lightening properties. The volume of the developer dictates the strength of the bleaching mixture. Lower volumes, such as 10 or 20, are gentler and ideal for subtle lightening or toning. Higher volumes, like 30 or 40, provide more significant lift but also carry a higher risk of damage, especially to delicate wig fibers. Understanding the impact of developer volume is fundamental to a successful bleaching process.
Types of Bleach for Wigs
The market offers a variety of bleaching products, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Choosing the right one for your wig depends on factors such as the wig’s material (human hair or synthetic), its current color, and the desired final shade.
Powder Bleach: A Popular Choice
Powder bleach is a common and readily available option for lightening hair, including wigs. It comes in various formulations, typically categorized by their lifting power. Blue-toned bleach is particularly popular as it helps to neutralize brassy or orange tones that can emerge during the bleaching process. Powder bleach needs to be mixed with a developer to activate.
Cream Bleach: Gentler Alternative
Cream bleach is often considered a gentler alternative to powder bleach. It contains oils and conditioning agents that help to protect the hair shaft during the lightening process. Cream bleach is generally recommended for wigs that are already light or for those that are prone to damage. It is also a good choice for beginners, as its consistency makes it easier to apply evenly and control.
Bleach Baths: For Controlled Lightening
A bleach bath is a diluted version of a traditional bleaching mixture, created by adding shampoo to the bleach and developer. This method is ideal for achieving subtle lightening or for removing unwanted tones without causing excessive damage. Bleach baths are particularly useful for refreshing color or correcting minor imperfections in previously dyed wigs.
Considerations for Human Hair Wigs
Human hair wigs offer the most versatility when it comes to coloring and styling, but they also require careful handling during the bleaching process.
Assessing Hair Quality and Origin
The quality and origin of the human hair used in the wig significantly impact how it responds to bleach. Virgin hair, which has never been chemically treated, is generally more resilient and can withstand stronger bleaching agents. Processed hair, on the other hand, may be more fragile and require a gentler approach. Always perform a strand test to assess the wig’s reaction to the bleach before applying it to the entire wig.
Recommended Bleaching Techniques
For human hair wigs, a powder bleach with a low-volume developer (10 or 20) is often recommended. Apply the bleach in thin, even sections, starting at the back of the wig and working your way forward. Monitor the lightening process closely, checking the hair every few minutes to prevent over-processing. Once the desired level of lightness is achieved, rinse the wig thoroughly with cool water and apply a deep conditioner.
Considerations for Synthetic Wigs
Synthetic wigs present unique challenges when it comes to bleaching, as they are made from artificial fibers that do not respond to bleach in the same way as human hair.
Understanding Fiber Types: Heat-Resistant vs. Non-Heat-Resistant
The type of synthetic fiber used in the wig is a crucial factor to consider. Heat-resistant synthetic fibers can withstand some heat styling and chemical processing, while non-heat-resistant fibers are more delicate and prone to melting or damage. Only heat-resistant synthetic wigs can be bleached, and even then, the process must be approached with extreme caution.
The Limitations of Bleaching Synthetic Wigs
It’s important to understand that bleaching synthetic wigs will not lift the color in the same way it does with human hair. Instead, bleaching can strip the existing color and create a lighter base for dyeing. However, the results can be unpredictable, and the process carries a high risk of damaging the wig. It’s generally recommended to only attempt bleaching a synthetic wig if you are prepared for the possibility of ruining it.
Safer Alternatives to Bleaching Synthetic Wigs
Given the risks associated with bleaching synthetic wigs, exploring safer alternatives is often advisable. One option is to use alcohol-based markers or fabric dyes to alter the wig’s color. These products can be applied directly to the fibers without the need for bleaching. Another alternative is to purchase a wig that is already close to your desired color, minimizing the need for drastic color changes.
Essential Tools and Protective Measures
Before embarking on the wig bleaching process, gather all the necessary tools and take appropriate protective measures to ensure a safe and successful outcome.
Gathering Your Supplies
Essential supplies include:
- Bleach powder or cream
- Developer (10, 20, 30 or 40 volume)
- Mixing bowl and applicator brush
- Gloves
- Towel
- Aluminum foil or plastic wrap
- Wide-tooth comb
- Deep conditioner
Protecting Yourself and Your Workspace
Always wear gloves to protect your hands from the chemicals in the bleach. Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling harmful fumes. Cover your workspace with a towel or plastic sheet to prevent staining. Avoid getting bleach on your skin or in your eyes. If contact occurs, rinse immediately with plenty of water.
Step-by-Step Bleaching Guide
Follow these steps to bleach your wig effectively and safely:
- Prepare the wig: Detangle the wig with a wide-tooth comb and secure it to a wig stand or mannequin head.
- Mix the bleach: In a mixing bowl, combine the bleach powder or cream with the developer according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The consistency should be similar to a thick paste.
- Apply the bleach: Using an applicator brush, apply the bleach to the wig in thin, even sections. Start at the back of the wig and work your way forward, ensuring that all strands are thoroughly coated.
- Monitor the lightening process: Check the wig every few minutes to monitor the lightening process. The time it takes to achieve the desired level of lightness will vary depending on the strength of the bleach and the wig’s original color.
- Rinse and condition: Once the desired level of lightness is achieved, rinse the wig thoroughly with cool water until all traces of bleach are removed. Apply a deep conditioner to help restore moisture and elasticity.
- Dry and style: Gently blot the wig with a towel to remove excess water and allow it to air dry completely. Once dry, style the wig as desired.
Tips for Preventing Damage
Bleaching can be damaging to hair, whether it’s natural or part of a wig. These tips will help minimize damage during the bleaching process:
Strand Test is a Must
Always perform a strand test before bleaching the entire wig. This will help you assess the wig’s reaction to the bleach and determine the appropriate strength and processing time.
Using Low Volume Developer
Opt for a lower volume developer (10 or 20) whenever possible, especially for delicate wigs or those that have already been chemically treated.
Avoiding Over-Processing
Over-processing is a common cause of damage during bleaching. Monitor the wig closely and rinse the bleach as soon as the desired level of lightness is achieved.
Deep Conditioning After Bleaching
Deep conditioning is essential for restoring moisture and elasticity to bleached hair. Use a high-quality deep conditioner and leave it on for at least 30 minutes after rinsing the bleach.
Dealing with Common Bleaching Problems
Even with careful planning and execution, problems can arise during the bleaching process. Knowing how to address these issues can help salvage your wig and achieve your desired results.
Uneven Lightening
Uneven lightening can occur if the bleach is not applied evenly or if some sections of the wig are more resistant to lightening than others. To correct this, reapply bleach to the darker areas, being careful not to over-process the lighter areas.
Brassy Tones
Brassy or orange tones are a common side effect of bleaching. To neutralize these tones, use a toner specifically designed for blonde hair. Blue or purple toners are effective at counteracting brassiness.
Dryness and Breakage
Dryness and breakage are signs that the wig has been over-processed. To combat this, use a moisturizing shampoo and conditioner and avoid heat styling as much as possible. Apply a hair oil or serum to help seal in moisture and protect the hair from further damage.
Aftercare and Maintenance
Proper aftercare and maintenance are essential for preserving the health and appearance of your bleached wig.
Washing and Conditioning
Wash the wig regularly with a sulfate-free shampoo and conditioner. Avoid using hot water, as it can strip the hair of moisture. Gently detangle the wig with a wide-tooth comb while it’s still wet.
Storage and Protection
Store the wig on a wig stand or in a wig box to prevent tangling and matting. Avoid exposing the wig to direct sunlight or heat, as this can cause fading and damage.
Regular Trims
Regular trims can help to remove split ends and prevent further damage. Trim the wig every few weeks to maintain its shape and keep it looking its best.
What types of bleach are suitable for dyeing a wig?
When bleaching a wig for dyeing, opt for a powder bleach (lightener) specifically designed for hair. These formulas are typically mixed with a developer, providing controlled lifting action. Avoid using household bleach, as it’s far too harsh and can irreparably damage the wig fibers, leading to melting, extreme dryness, and breakage. Look for brands that are reputable within the hair industry, as they tend to have more consistent and reliable results.
For wigs made of human hair, you can generally use the same bleach you’d use on your own hair. However, always test a small, hidden section first to assess how the hair reacts. For synthetic wigs, special synthetic-safe bleach or color removers are crucial, as regular bleach can melt or drastically alter the fiber’s structure. Verify the wig’s material before proceeding to prevent irreversible damage.
What developer volume should I use when bleaching a wig?
The developer volume you choose depends heavily on the wig’s material and the desired level of lift. For human hair wigs, a 20-volume developer is generally recommended for gradual lifting with minimal damage. If the wig is dark and you need to lift several levels, a 30-volume developer might be necessary, but proceed with extreme caution and monitor the hair closely.
Synthetic wigs require a much gentler approach, and often a developer isn’t even necessary with synthetic-safe color removers. If you are using a developer, a very low volume (around 10) might be incorporated into some specific synthetic color lifting processes recommended by manufacturers of the synthetic wig and coloring product. Always consult the instructions of the synthetic color remover and test on a hidden strand first to prevent melting or irreversible damage.
How do I perform a strand test before bleaching the entire wig?
A strand test is vital to assess how the wig material reacts to the bleach. Select a small, inconspicuous section of the wig, ideally near the nape of the neck or underneath layers. Apply the bleach mixture to this section, following the same ratio and application technique you plan to use on the entire wig.
Monitor the strand test closely, checking for color change, damage, or melting every few minutes. Note the time it takes to reach the desired level of lightness. This will provide a guideline for processing the entire wig. If the strand test shows significant damage or melting, the bleach mixture is too strong or unsuitable for the wig’s material and you need to find an alternative.
How long should I leave the bleach on a wig?
The processing time for bleach varies depending on the wig’s material, starting color, and desired lightness. For human hair wigs, start checking the hair every 5-10 minutes. The entire process might take anywhere from 20 to 45 minutes, but do not exceed 50 minutes to avoid over-processing and damage.
Synthetic wigs often require much shorter processing times with synthetic color removers, and sometimes no processing time at all depending on the product used. Constantly monitor the strand test and visually inspect the wig. The goal is to achieve the desired lightness without compromising the integrity of the fibers, removing the bleach and thoroughly washing the hair immediately when the appropriate level of lift has been achieved.
What steps should I take to neutralize the bleach after processing?
Once the wig has reached the desired level of lightness, thoroughly rinse it with cool water until all traces of bleach are removed. Next, apply a neutralizing shampoo specifically designed to stop the bleaching process. This helps to rebalance the pH of the hair and prevent further damage.
Follow the neutralizing shampoo with a deep conditioning treatment or hair mask. This will help to restore moisture and strength to the wig fibers, which can be depleted during the bleaching process. Allow the conditioner to sit on the wig for the recommended time before rinsing again with cool water.
How can I minimize damage when bleaching a wig?
Prior to bleaching, prepare the wig with a deep conditioning treatment. This helps to create a protective barrier and minimize the impact of the bleach. Also, avoid using heat styling tools or harsh chemicals on the wig for several days before and after bleaching to further reduce stress.
Use a low-volume developer, perform regular strand tests, and carefully monitor the processing time. After bleaching, focus on replenishing moisture and protein with appropriate conditioners and masks. Lastly, consider using a bond-building treatment specifically designed for damaged hair to help strengthen and repair the wig fibers.
Can I bleach a pre-colored synthetic wig?
Bleaching a pre-colored synthetic wig is often very difficult and risky. Many synthetic fibers do not react well to bleach, and the pre-existing color may be permanently embedded within the fiber, making it impossible to remove evenly. Using regular bleach is generally not recommended, as it can melt or severely damage the wig.
Instead of bleach, explore synthetic-safe color removers designed to lift or alter the existing color without causing melting. Thoroughly research the specific type of synthetic fiber your wig is made from and select products specifically formulated for that material. Always perform a strand test in a hidden area before attempting to treat the entire wig.